by Marty Schlenker
Dear Fellow Ambitious Amateurs,
Welcome to our second column. In the first column, I introduced myself as a middle-aged guy whose enthusiasm for horn exceeded the time and focus required to channel it during the 22½ years since our oldest child was born. As she and her younger sister and brother have become adults, I foresaw more time available for horn and decided it was within reach to “up my game.” The pot’s been on simmer for a long time. Let’s see if I can turn up the heat….
Previously, I didn’t mention my intended audience: it mostly isn’t you. If you’re reading this column, you know what the IHS is, and you’ve taken the initiative to receive Horn and More each month…and you actually read it! If you’ve made it this far, you’re pretty invested in your horn playing. You’re probably the leader in your cadre of amateurs. You probably already know most of the things I will be discovering (or rediscovering) in the coming months. If you learn something new here, wonderful! At least let my experiences inform and affirm yours.
Instead, I’m writing for your community band section mates or fellow pick-up quartet players who have far more potential than they’ve ever considered. I am writing on faith that small tweaks and self-belief will take them a long way. I intend for this to be conveyed here as I document my post-peak-parenting horn journey and then to be transmitted by you. With your encouragement, your section (or quartet or whatever) will become more accomplished, more committed, and more joyful.
Back to the plot. I called Dr. Harcrow…with some apprehension. Why? Because it had been so long since I’d taken a lesson that I really wasn’t sure how much of my playing was ‘right’ vs. ‘wrong.’ I expected to have to go backwards in order to move forward, taking a more diligent approach to detecting and avoiding bad habits. But what if the prescription was to start over? What if Mike took one look at my open bite (ridiculously wide) and said, “Wow. You should have been a woodwind player. Not much I can do here…”?
Before I called him, a good thing happened. I figured I should get ready for our meeting, so I practiced more often, and I practiced a few etudes repetitively for polish instead of randomly going where my muse took me. This helped, a little. More air from more regular practice improved fullness of tone and marginally improved my upper register. More repetition improved accuracy. Folks, pass this on: the benefits of jumping back into lessons start before the first one even happens.
We had a very enjoyable introduction and first lesson. I could describe what I wanted: a more reliable upper register, a punchier bass clef, and more flexibility, for starters. Oh, and more richness and commanding presence of sound. I didn’t put it to Mike exactly this way, but I wanted to sound like all four members of the American Horn Quartet put together. Ambitious? Oh yes…yes indeed! I had formed hypotheses about where the opportunities for improvement lay. I expected that the discussion would dive quickly into micro-details of embouchure.
But that’s not how it went. Much of the lesson was spent on phrasing and musicality, using the Strauss Nocturno and Belloli Etude #8.
Having spent three summers in drum corps, and the last 20 years in a community band with a horn section of 3-4 members but with a trumpet section of 8-13, I was under the impression that I was never loud enough, never working hard enough. Mike: “Well, actually.…” Revelation #1 was that I was far louder than I understood myself to be. Prescription #1 was to work on expanding dynamic range on the softer side before the louder side.
Sounds easy, right? Perhaps for some; but for me, this prescription ran headlong into a corollary of the sound concept I mentioned above. Along with thinking I wasn’t loud enough, it was also really important to me to initiate every note very squarely, which I accomplished by tonguing hard, and very far forward, basically at the tip of my upper teeth.
From a discussion about sound, a significant technical prescription arose. My aggressive tongue was in the way, attempting to substitute for work that should have been done by my air. Move your tongue back. A-ha! Friends, pass this along too: a lesson may not go how you expect it to go.
Okay, this is getting long, and I should go. One thing first, though: I want to hear from you and relay highlights of your journey too! The one person I heard from after column #1 was Marilyn Bone Kloss who graciously invited me to receive her Cornucopia newsletter. (I would recommend it to all. Lots of neat stuff.)
Next column: the realities of splitting time between Pennsylvania and Los Angeles…and tonguing.
Marty Schlenker, Amateur Hornist
by Katy Carnaggio
Want the full breakdown?
If you don’t already have your practice journal figured out and working for your growth, this guide is about to save you DAYS of your life. Or, at least, a lot of brain power.
Here are 365 useful plug-and-play journal prompts to help you become a better musician the next time—and every time—you practice.
Are they PERFECT if you want research-validated strategies to refine your technique?
Absolutely.
What about the moments when the only research-validated strategy you’re interested in is scouring the internet for the fluffiest, most indulgent pancake recipe?
Yes indeed.
…and when you want to accomplish something specific like improving your accuracy?
Of course.
And when you want to develop your musicianship, boost your endurance, and memorize something, too!
Wishing you a holiday season rich with discovery and renewal and believing that this will help!
by Caiti Beth McKinney
Hello horn friends! Instead of featuring one composer and discussing the music in depth, I decided to join the holiday festivities and introduce several brass quintet pieces about the fall and winter months.
First, we have Gwyneth Walker’s collection of quintets. Several of Walker’s brass quintets are suitable for festive celebrations, including her pieces A Season of Wonder, Fanfare Among Friends, and The Light Descending. Her music is frequently inspired by folksongs and other familiar genres like jazz, so her compositions are both approachable and highly enjoyable.
Another piece that I enjoy programming during the holidays is Violet Archer’s Two Fanfares for a Festive Day. Both movements of this piece are bombastic and lively, showcasing the virtuosity of the players, and performers can certainly select to perform either the “Majestic” fanfare or its “Joyous” companion.
Yet another composition highly suitable for this time of year is Judith Lang Zaimont’s Winter Music—Chanty. At five minutes long, this piece is full of shifting meters with a shanty flair. While perhaps requiring a bit of rehearsal, this work is well worth that investment.
If one is looking for a more esoteric interpretation of the holidays, Margaret Brouwer’s Tolling the Spirits is an eighteen-minute piece that reminds me of Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, especially Brouwer’s third movement, appropriately entitled “Spirits.” Performers are instructed to use air sounds, vocalizations, and other extended techniques to create an other-worldly soundscape. While not the most traditional interpretation of my self-imposed brief, I think this is a fun work to play at this time of year! Be sure to check out the other movements of the piece, including the “Monk’s Canon,” an inspiring interpretation of Renaissance vocal music and tolling bells—and, of course, another of Brouwer’s brass quintets, Celebration.
There are many other wonderful pieces to program during this season, but I would be remiss if I left out two of my current favorites: Dale Trumbore’s Light of Late November and Lauren Bernofsky’s Musica Solaris. I like to think that these pieces pair beautifully together, with the former being a peaceful and, at times, melancholy ode to the changing of fall to winter, while Bernofsky’s quintet reminds us that the sunshine that can break through even the bleakest cold.
Thanks for reading, and Happy Holidays to all!
by Inman Hebert
Community service can be an important part of the holiday season. From food banks to toy drives, people band together to serve others. As horn players, we are musicians and community members, so we have unique opportunities to help others during the holiday season by spreading the joy of music throughout our communities.
Holidays are filled with social interactions, celebrations, and events. For some, holiday stress is heightened by struggling with expectations or increasing feelings of loneliness. In volunteer work to help others, we spark happiness within ourselves, find a sense of purpose, improve our communication skills, and establish new or develop existing relationships that connect us with our local community.
Volunteering allows us to focus on an audience that matters to us in places where the needs cannot be filled with professional orchestras or professional ensembles. Playing the horn can give joy to those often overlooked by society. Especially during the holidays, music can transport both those who play and those who listen to another place and time, evoking memories and emotions. Listening to music elevates mood and triggers sensations of well-being. Music enriches lives and brings people together for a shared experience.
Service also fulfills a vital professional role in the horn community: outreach. Often, the public views the horn with an air of mystery. Few people know anything about the instrument besides its beautiful shape. By playing more in our communities, we can demystify the horn. We show that the horn not only belongs in a concert hall but also plays an intrinsic role in the community.
How can we locate service opportunities for the horn? As students, we can contact mentors, music teachers, band directors, or professors for existing outreach. Universities may have well-resourced community programs. Band directors often have local connections, such as with local assisted-living facilities. We can research local music groups. Established groups may have venues in which they spread music across the community. Do not be afraid to reach out to them; they will appreciate your help! Volunteer to get involved with whatever groups are around.
Even if we cannot find a preexisting group, we can create our own! Find other students with a similar passion for serving the community. As music students, we are surrounded by other talented, passionate musicians. With those other students, set up public events. Play at parks, retirement homes, schools, or community centers. By playing in these public places, we build connections in the community.
Music is a universal language that connects people. Whether playing carols at a park or educating others about instruments, student horn players can be ambassadors for the horn and share our talents to impact our communities with service, creating musical bonds that spread our love of the horn throughout our society.
por Ricardo Matosinhos
Matosinhos International Competition 2024
O processo criativo é frequentemente caótico, o que pode ser intimidante para muitos músicos. Como Sullivan descreve apropriadamente, “É como lavar um porco. Estou a falar a sério. É exatamente como lavar um porco. É confuso, não tem regras, não tem um início, meio ou fim claro, é um pouco irritante, e quando termina, não tem a certeza se o porco está limpo nem sequer sabe porque estava a lavar um porco.” (Sullivan, 2008, p. 46).
O meu processo criativo alinha-se bem com a descrição de Sullivan. É uma forma de caos controlado e acredito, firmemente, que a criatividade e o caos muitas vezes caminham de mãos dadas. Se seguirmos as mesmas rotinas todos os dias, há pouco espaço para a criatividade. Por exemplo, se estiver a trabalhar num aspeto técnico da interpretação e se continua a fazer a mesma tarefa da mesma forma, não é de esperar qualquer tipo de melhoria significativa. O que funciona com o seu professor ou com os seus amigos pode não funcionar necessariamente para si. Quando escolhemos um caminho diferente, abrimos a porta a novas possibilidades. Assim, tanto na interpretação de trompa como na composição ouse abraçar o caos, ser criativo e aprender com ele.
Posso pegar na minha trompa e começar a tocar a qualquer momento, mas tenho dificuldade em sentar-me à secretária e compor. Fui treinado como trompista, não como compositor. Como tal aprendi a ser espontâneo, a aproveitar as ideias conforme surgem. Às vezes estou no duche, a conduzir o carro ou a dois minutos de ir dar uma aula, quando uma ideia musical me ocorre. Em vez de me queixar, agradeço por esses momentos inspiradores, mesmo que nem sempre surjam nos momentos mais convenientes. Como tenho sempre o meu telemóvel comigo, abro uma aplicação de gravação e capturo a ideia. Se não tiver uma trompa por perto, posso cantar, murmurar, fazer percussão o assobiar. Isto pode até envolver canto de harmónicos ou vibração labial com multifónicos, quando estão envolvidas várias notas – vale tudo! Capturar o momento permite que a minha música flua sem excesso de análise. Mais tarde, quando tenho tempo, ouço as gravações. Infelizmente, algumas delas já não me fazem muito sentido. Nesses casos, extraio padrões rítmicos e motivos melódicos e tento voltar a entrar nesse estado criativo. Se funcionar, componho seja no papel, tablet ou no computador. Se não conseguir recapturar o estado de espírito, deixo e tento novamente noutro dia. Às vezes, no mesmo dia, ideias que pareciam esquivas, reaparecem subitamente. Outras podem pairar na minha imaginação durante dias antes de as colocar no papel.
Agora, dar-vos-ei alguns exemplos de como algumas das minhas peças ganharam vida. 'Heptafunk' é uma composição para doze trompas, onde apenas oito músicos usam bocais, enquanto os outros quatro tocam percussão com as suas trompas. 'Hepta' significa sete, e 'funk' evoca um ambiente funky. Assim, esta peça começa com duas indicações de compasso simultâneas 7/4 contra 7/16. Enquanto alguns compositores podem ver isso como uma oportunidade para explorar novas técnicas, como expliquei no meu processo criativo as minhas escolhas são muitas vezes mais espontâneas. Foi mais ou menos assim: um dia estava a caminho do trabalho e tive uma ideia em Dó Lídio Dominante com uma métrica de sete. Este modo, com os seu Sib e Fá#, surgiu naturalmente na minha mente assemelhando-se muito aos sons da trompa. Se começar uma série de harmónicos a partir do Dó e subir até ao 12º harmónico, o primeiro Fá e Si que encontrar são mais próximos do Fá# e Sib. Enquanto virava à direita num cruzamento, o clique do sinal de mudança de direção criou um contraste polirrítmico com a música que estava a cantar. Gostei do efeito, por isso, registei-o rapidamente no meu telemóvel e mais tarde incorporei-o na peça.
Também compus uma peça para um ensemble de flautas intitulada 'Onde é que eu já ouvi isto?' A inspiração para esta peça surgiu durante uma aula com um jovem aluno que estava a tocar a 'Machadinha', uma canção folclórica tradicional portuguesa. Começámos por a tocar num tempo lento e o aluno reconheceu-a, mas não conseguia lembrar-se do nome da música. No entanto, à medida que aumentámos gradualmente a pulsação, de repente, o aluno identificou-a. Esta experiência levou-me a pensar no efeito intrigante de pegar numa melodia folclórica bem conhecida e tocá-la num tempo diferente, criando a sensação de 'Eu conheço esta melodia, mas não consigo identificá-la.' Esta ideia deu origem a esta obra, que mais tarde ganhou um prémio de composição.
Outra peça com um título interessante é “There's a bottle in my (friend)ship!,” (Há uma garrafa na minha (amizade)!), tem uma história encantadora. Certa manhã, tive o primeiro ensaio de uma peça que compus para um trio de flautas. De tarde, um amigo aproximou-se de mim, perguntando se eu estaria interessado em compor uma peça para um ensemble de flautas para ser apresentada num festival de orquestras jovens. Inicialmente, hesitei devido a uma agenda apertada e às férias na Madeira dentro de alguns dias. No entanto, a menção de uma peça que envolvia garrafas afinadas despertou a minha criatividade. Era um dia quente, por isso, peguei numa garrafa de sidra de 33cl, anotei a nota mais aguda e desfrutei do seu conteúdo, anotando a nota mais grave na tessitura da flauta alto. Depois, passei para uma garrafa de vinho de 75cl, que se encontrava na tessitura da flauta baixo, e finalmente, uma garrafa de água com gás de 25cl. Desta vez Baco, o deus grego do vinho, inspirou-me a compor a peça e, em poucos dias, estava pronta.
Um dia perguntei à minha mulher, que é tradutora, se alguma vez tinha considerado escrever uma história infantil. Ela respondeu que preferia analisar e desconstruir frases em vez de as criar. No entanto, enquanto falava com ela, comecei a criar espontaneamente uma história sobre um gato que perdia as suas 7 vidas. Numa questão de minutos criei uma história, que se transformou num livro infantil e até mesmo num musical com uma orquestra sinfónica completa.
Como podem ver, o meu processo criativo não está predefinido. Quando decido compor uma peça é como lançar uma rede no desconhecido, sem saber que tipo de peixe vou apanhar. Às vezes, enquanto pratico trompa, os exercícios evoluem para peças ou estudos. Outras vezes, apenas duas notas ou um padrão rítmico servem de faísca para iniciar uma composição completa.
O grande trompista Douglas Hill (2001) recomenda a criação dos próprios estudos com base nas peças com as quais está a trabalhar. Esta abordagem permite-lhe encontrar soluções para problemas específicos que poderia não encontrar em estudos mais gerais. Hill também incentivava os alunos a comporem e o seu livro fornece informações valiosas sobre diversos processos e resultados. Um ponto crucial, que ele enfatizava, era que os alunos que compunham a sua própria música começavam a praticar com mais entusiasmo, porque gostavam de interpretar as suas composições. Isso melhorava as suas competências musicais e a sua capacidade de compreender e interpretar música composta por outros.
Para além dos estudos sugiro frequentemente aos meus alunos que criem as suas próprias cadências, pois isso pode melhorar significativamente as suas interpretações. As cadências devem demonstrar virtuosismo, mas não devem ser excessivamente desafiadoras, especialmente porque são, normalmente, interpretadas no final do primeiro andamento de uma peça. Embora tocar uma cadência composta por outro músico possa ser uma experiência valiosa, observei casos em que os músicos escolhiam cadências que não se alinhavam com o seus estilos de interpretação ou pontos fortes. Portanto, é essencial considerar fatores como o registo preferido, dinâmicas, articulações (legato ou staccato) e quaisquer técnicas estendidas da trompa que possa executar facilmente, o que pode melhorar a sua interpretação. Para auxiliar a criação de cadências, recomendo o livro de Michael Hoeltzel (2006), que descreve as melhores abordagens ao processo.
Composições de Tema e Variações oferecem um excelente ponto de partida para aspirantes a compositores, uma vez que fornecem material existente para trabalhar. Também encorajo os meus alunos a comporem as suas próprias variações quando interpretam peças que seguem esta estrutura. Através deste processo, obtêm uma compreensão mais profunda da música que estão a tocar, analisando a harmonia, as caraterísticas do tema principal e a forma como o compositor funde elementos musicais essenciais para criar as variações escritas. Mesmo que decida não partilhar as suas próprias variações com um público mais vasto, o processo em si ajuda-o a crescer como músico.
Tal como uma receita de culinária, a música é composta por vários elementos como ritmos, notas, articulações, dinâmicas e outros. Assim como comer o mesmo prato durante semanas pode levar ao aborrecimento, praticar os mesmos exercícios da mesma forma pode tornar-se monótono. A prática diária é crucial para a melhoria, mas isso não significa que não exista espaço para a introdução de variações. Pratico com variações subtis desde sempre. Esta abordagem não só me mantém interessado, como também leva a melhorias noutros aspetos da minha interpretação. Para ajudar os meus alunos e colegas músicos compilei estas ideias no meu método 'Horn365', que desenvolvi ao longo de 20 anos antes de o lançar.
O conceito de variar os exercícios também pode ajudar a manter a motivação e a fazer progressos de forma consistente. Consideremos a culinária italiana, conhecida pela sua mestria na variação. Ao mudar, simplesmente, o tipo de massa mantendo o molho constante podemos transformar a nossa refeição. Também podemos substituir a carne por legumes, peixe ou marisco. Todas essas mudanças ocorrem com um ingrediente de cada vez. Da mesma forma, a massa é principalmente feita de farinha de trigo e ao ser substituída por piza, todo o processo começa novamente. A beleza dessa abordagem culinária reside nas inúmeras variações que se conseguem obter, de forma simples com a alteração de apenas um elemento e também em saborear e compartilhar cada sabor com os amigos durante uma refeição. O mesmo princípio se aplica à música - ao adicionar variedade às suas sessões de prática, melhora e mantém-se motivado para praticar mais. Talvez, nalgum ponto desse processo, possa até mesmo compor uma peça de música e desfrutar da experiência.
Apesar de não ter um diploma formal em composição, descobri que tal não me impede de compor. Como trompistas, somos fluentes na linguagem da trompa. Entendemos as complexidades do nosso instrumento melhor do que qualquer outra pessoa. O nosso conhecimento supera o que qualquer livro de orquestração, instrumentação ou notação musical possa oferecer. Esta visão única permite-nos colaborar com os compositores ou até mesmo criar a nossa própria música. A ideia de escrita idiomática para trompa ganhou um papel de destaque, quando comecei a lecionar, e foi um tema central na minha pesquisa de mestrado e doutoramento. Enquanto buscava soluções para abordar questões específicas dos meus alunos, comecei a compor exercícios e estudos. Quando tentei inicialmente publicar o meu primeiro livro de estudos, as editoras mostraram pouco interesse nele e uma delas chegou mesmo a afirmar que só publicava música "escrita para humanos." No entanto, há uma década, organizei um concurso internacional online de estudos e, desde então, a minha música incluindo os meus estudos tem sido executada em todo o mundo. Infelizmente, ainda não há registo de apresentações por parte de extraterrestres. Se aprecia a minha música, agradeça ao Dr. Jeffrey Agrell, que desempenhou um papel fundamental em reconhecer a qualidade das minhas composições e abrir as portas para que o meu trabalho alcançasse um público global. O meu conselho aqui é não ter medo de partilhar a sua música com os outros. Se a aprecia, é provável que outros também o façam e com feedback construtivo pode aperfeiçoar o seu processo de composição.
O meu projeto mais recente envolve a composição de um novo conjunto de estudos técnicos para trompa, que tenho estado a escrever nos últimos meses. Com o lançamento desses onze estudos técnicos, estou a organizar outro concurso internacional online desta vez em colaboração com a minha editora na AvA Musical Editions. Convido-vos a todos a participar. Ao contrário de outros concursos de música tradicionais, não há taxa de inscrição - é totalmente gratuito. O único requisito é que os participantes executem as peças usando os originais. Na primeira ronda pode escolher um estudo deste livro novo e se desejar pode gravar mais do que um, sendo que cada vídeo conta como uma inscrição em separado, o que aumenta as suas hipóteses de ser selecionado. Na final, pode escolher uma das minhas peças solo. Além disso, esta competição oferece um aspeto pedagógico - todos os participantes, quer vençam ou não, receberão um feedback pessoal meu como compositor sobre a sua performance. Esse processo não só melhora a sua execução, mas também pode inspirá-lo a começar a compor a sua própria música. Mais importante, promete ser uma experiência prazerosa. Poderá encontrar mais informações no meu site:
https://www.ricardomatosinhos.com
Aguardo ansiosamente para ouvir as suas gravações e descobrir as suas composições.
Ricardo Matosinhos
Referências bibliográficas:
Hill, D. (2001). Collected Thoughts on Teaching and Learning, Creativity and Horn Performance. Warner Bros. Publications Inc.
Hoeltzel, M. (2006). Mastery of the French Horn: Technique and Musical Expression. Schott Music.
Sullivan, L. (2008). Hey, Whipple, Squeeze This - A Guide to Creating Great Ads (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
by Ricardo Matosinhos
Matosinhos International Competition 2024
The creative process is often chaotic, and this can be intimidating for many musicians. As Sullivan aptly describes, “It's like washing a pig. I'm serious. It's exactly like washing a pig. It's messy, has no rules, no clear beginning, middle, or end, it's kind of a pain in the a**, and when you're done, you're not sure if the pig is clean or even why you were washing a pig in the first place” (Sullivan, 2008, p. 46).
My creative process aligns well with Sullivan's description. It's a form of controlled chaos, and I firmly believe that creativity and chaos often go hand in hand. If you follow the same routines every day, there's little room for creativity. For instance, if you're working on a technical aspect of your playing and keep doing the same task in the same way, you can't expect significant improvements. What works for your teacher or your friends may not necessarily work for you. When you choose a different path, you open the door to new possibilities. So, in both horn playing and composition, just dare to embrace the chaos, to be creative, and to learn from it.
I can pick up my horn and start playing at any time, but I struggle to sit at a desk and compose. I was trained as a horn player, not as a composer. Consequently, I've learned to be spontaneous, to seize ideas as they come. Sometimes, I'm in the shower, driving my car, or about to teach a class in two minutes when a musical idea strikes. Instead of complaining, I'm grateful for these inspirational moments, even if they don't always arrive at the most convenient times. Since I always have my mobile phone with me, I open a recording app and capture the idea. If a horn isn't nearby, I might sing, hum, do something percussive, or whistle. This might even involve overtone singing or buzzing with multiphonics, when multiple notes are involved—anything will do! Capturing the moment allows my music to flow without overthinking. Later, when I have time, I listen to the recordings. Unfortunately, sometimes some of them don't make much sense to me anymore. In such cases, I extract rhythmic patterns and melodic motifs, and I attempt to reenter that creative state. If it works, I compose, whether on paper, tablet, or computer. If I can't recapture the mood, I just leave it and try again another day. Sometimes, even on the same day, certain ideas that seemed elusive before just suddenly reappear while others may linger in my imagination for days before I put them down on paper.
Now, let me provide some examples of how some of my pieces came to life. Heptafunk is a composition for twelve horns, where only eight players actually use mouthpieces while the other four play percussion using their horns. 'Hepta' means seven and 'funk' evokes a funky mood. Thus, this piece begins with two simultaneous time signatures, 7/4 against 7/16. While some composers might use this as an opportunity to explore new techniques, my choices are often more spontaneous. The story goes like this: one day I was driving to work, and I had an idea in C Lydian dominant with a meter of seven. This mode, with its Bb and F#, emerged naturally in my mind, closely resembling horn sounds. If you start an overtone series on C and ascend to the 12th overtone, the first F and B you encounter are closer to F# and Bb. As I was turning right at an intersection, my turn signal's clicking created a polyrhythmic contrast with the music I was singing. I liked the effect, so I quickly recorded it on my phone and later incorporated it into the piece.
I also composed a piece for a flute ensemble titled Onde é que eu já ouvi isto? (Where Have I Heard This Before?). The inspiration for this piece came during a class with a young student who was playing Machadinha, a traditional Portuguese folk song. We started by playing it at a slow tempo, and the student recognized it but couldn't recall the song's name. However, as we gradually increased the tempo, suddenly, the student identified it. This experience led me to think about the intriguing effect of taking a well-known folk melody and performing it at a different tempo, creating the sensation of “I know this melody, but I can't place it.” This idea gave birth to the composition, which later won a composition prize.
Another piece with an interesting title—and a delightful backstory—is There's a Bottle in My (Friend)ship! One morning, I had the first rehearsal of a piece I composed for a flute trio. In the afternoon, a friend approached me, asking if I'd be interested in composing a piece for a flute ensemble to be performed at a youth orchestra festival. I initially hesitated due to a tight schedule and an upcoming holiday on Madeira Island. However, his mention of a piece that involved tuned bottles sparked my creativity. It was a warm day, so I grabbed a 33cl bottle of cider, I notated its highest pitch, and I proceeded to enjoy its contents, while notating the lowest pitch in the alto flute's range. Then I moved on to a 75cl bottle of wine, which fell within the bass flute's range, and finally, I used a 25cl bottle of sparkling water. This time, Bacchus, the Greek god of wine, inspired me to compose the piece and within a few days, it was ready.
One day, I asked my wife, who is a translator, if she had ever considered writing a children's story. She replied that she preferred analyzing and deconstructing phrases rather than creating them. However, I began spontaneously crafting a story about a cat losing its lives as I spoke to her. In a matter of minutes, I had created a story that eventually turned into a children's book and even a musical with a full symphony orchestra.
As you can see, my creative process is not predefined. When I decide to compose a piece, it's like casting a net into the unknown, not knowing what kind of fish I'll catch. Sometimes, while practicing the horn, the exercises evolve into pieces or etudes. Other times, a mere two notes or a rhythmic pattern serve as the spark that ignites a complete composition.
The renowned horn player Douglas Hill (2001) recommends creating your own etudes based on the pieces you are working on. This approach allows you to devise solutions for specific problems that you might not find in broader etudes. Hill also encouraged his students to compose, and his book provides valuable insights into various processes and outcomes. One crucial point he emphasized was that students who composed their own music began to practice more enthusiastically because they enjoyed performing their compositions. This improved their playing skills and their ability to understand and interpret music composed by others.
Apart from etudes, I often suggest that my students create their own cadenzas, as this can significantly enhance their performances. Cadenzas should showcase virtuosity but should not be overly challenging, especially because they are typically performed at the end of a piece's first movement. While playing a cadenza composed by another musician can be a valuable experience, I've observed instances where players select cadenzas that do not align with their unique playing style or strengths. Therefore, it's essential to consider factors like your preferred range, dynamics, articulations (legato or staccato), and any extended horn techniques that you can easily perform, which can enhance your performance. To help with creating cadenzas, I recommend Michael Hoeltzel's book (2006), which outlines the best approaches to the process.
Theme-and-variations compositions offer an excellent starting point for aspiring composers, as they provide existing material with which to work. I also encourage my students to compose their own variations when performing pieces that follow this form. Through this process, you gain a deeper understanding of the music you're playing by analyzing the harmony, the main theme's characteristics, and how the composer blends essential musical elements to craft the variations. Even if you decide not to share your own variations with a wider audience, the mere process helps you grow as a musician.
Just like a cooking recipe, music also comprises various ingredients such as rhythms, notes, articulations, dynamics, and more. Like eating the same dish for weeks can lead to boredom, practicing the same exercises in the same way can become monotonous. Daily practice is crucial for improvement, but it doesn't mean you can't introduce variations. I've practiced with subtle variations for as long as I can remember. This approach not only keeps me engaged but also leads to improvements in other aspects of my playing. To assist my students and fellow players, I compiled these ideas into my method Horn365, which I developed over 20 years before releasing it.
The concept of varying exercises can also help you stay motivated and make consistent progress. Consider Italian cuisine, known for its mastery of variation. By simply changing the type of pasta while keeping the sauce constant, you can transform your meal. You can also replace meat with vegetables, fish, or seafood. All of these changes happen by replacing one ingredient at a time. Similarly, pasta primarily consists of wheat flour, and by replacing it with pizza, the process restarts. The beauty of this culinary approach is the flavor you get out of simple ingredients and changes to savor and share with your friends during a meal. The same principle applies to music: by adding variety to your practice sessions, you improve and stay motivated to practice more. Perhaps, somewhere in this process, you might even compose a piece of music and enjoy the experience.
Despite lacking a formal composition degree, I've discovered that it doesn't preclude me from composing. As horn players, we are all fluent in the language of the horn. We understand the intricacies of our instrument better than anyone. Our knowledge surpasses what any orchestration, instrumentation, or music notation book can provide. This unique insight allows us to collaborate with composers or even create our own music. The idea of idiomatic horn writing became prominent for me as I started teaching, and it was a central theme in my master's and doctoral research. While seeking solutions to address specific issues faced by my students, I began composing exercises and etudes. When I initially attempted to publish my first book of etudes, publishing companies showed little interest and one even told me that they only published music “written for humans.” However, a decade ago, I organized an international online etude competition and since then my music, including my etudes, has been performed worldwide. Unfortunately, there's still no record of any extraterrestrial performances! If you enjoy my music, the credit goes to Dr. Jeffrey Agrell, who played a pivotal role in recognizing the quality of my compositions and opening doors for my work to reach a global audience. My advice here is not to be afraid of sharing your music with others. If you appreciate it, others are likely to as well. Plus, constructive feedback can enhance your composition process.
My most recent project involves composing a new set of technical etudes for the horn, which I've been working on for the past few months. With the release of these eleven technical etudes, I'm hosting another international online music competition, this time in collaboration with my publisher at AvA Musical Editions. I invite all of you to participate. Unlike traditional music competitions, there is no application fee—it's entirely free. The only requirement is that participants perform using the originals. For the first round, you can select one etude from this new book and you're welcome to record more than one. Each video counts as a separate application and thus increases your chances of being selected. In the final round, you can choose one of my solo pieces. Additionally, this competition offers a pedagogical aspect: every participant, whether winner or not, will receive personal feedback from me, as the composer, about their performance. This process not only improves your playing but may also inspire you to start composing your own music. Most importantly, it promises to be an enjoyable experience. You can find more about it on my website: https://www.ricardomatosinhos.com
I look forward to listening to your recordings—and to discovering your compositions.
Bibliography
Hill, D. (2001). Collected Thoughts on Teaching and Learning, Creativity and Horn Performance. Warner Bros. Publications Inc.
Hoeltzel, M. (2006). Mastery of the French Horn: Technique and Musical Expression. Schott Music.
Sullivan, L. (2008). Hey, Whipple, Squeeze This—A Guide to Creating Great Ads (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
by Layne Anspach
Hello musicians!
As we head into December, a month filled with holidays, there are traditions ingrained in our lives, whether exchanging gifts, spending time with friends and family, or enjoying festive music. We have recurring favorites that we hear or perform: Handel’s Messiah, Tchaikovsky’s Nutcracker, or Leroy Anderson’s Sleigh Ride, among others. (Okay, maybe Sleigh Ride doesn’t make the top of the list for some—or most—horn players.) Another holiday favorite, especially for Europeans, is Engelbert Humperdinck’s Hänsel und Gretel.
Humperdinck’s opera is one my favorites to perform, especially the Dream Sequence in Act II. Another feature for the horns is the opening prelude, featuring the well-known chorale. A wonderful arrangement of the Prelude-Chorale is for eight horns, set by Jeffry Kirschen of the Philadelphia Orchestra. The piece is worth programming any time of the year.
What associates Humperdinck’s opera with the holiday season? The Grimm Brothers published Hansel and Gretel in 1812, although the original story comes from the early part of the 14th century. While the 1812 version of the story does not suggest any relation to Christmas, the connection comes from the origin of Humperdinck’s version.
Adelheid Wette, Humperdinck’s sister, requested that her brother write four songs for a Christmas performance for her children, probably in 1890. The songs were to Wette’s treatment of the Grimm’s Hänsel und Gretel. The songs and a subsequent Singspiel were well received, and this prompted Humperdinck to write a full opera on the story. The work was finished in 1893 and premiered under Richard Strauss’ baton in the Hoftheater in Weimar on December 23rd, 1893. The sugary sweets and the witch’s gingerbread house helped tie the opera to Christmas, along with subsequent performances which were scheduled at Christmas time. The Metropolitan Opera’s first full opera radio broadcast was of Hänsel und Gretel on Christmas day, 1931, further cementing the opera as a Christmas classic.
Hornists from the Boston Symphony Orchestra and Gewandhausorchester Leipzig can be heard on the reference recording.
